Thinking Skills Are Essential. But What Is Critical Thinking, Logical Thinking? What Are Critical Thinking Skills? Where Do Facts And Opinions Fit In? |
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Dr Zee's Jiffy Spiffy followed with ... **** BUT FIRST, much more about ... THE HIGHLY NON-SECRET INGREDIENTS - NUMBER
ONE - NOTE - AN OPINION IS ONLY AS GOOD FOR THOSE WHO BELIEVE THERE'S ALWAYS YOU DON'T BELIEVE ME? EXCELLENT. THE FACTS THE FACTS This is vital: before you can do any good thinking, Sorting through facts and opinions, and especially generating lots of new facts, is what got Galileo and Copernicus to stop being able to believe that the sun went around the earth and not the other way around. Differentiating between facts and opinions is essential. Self-styled experts (doctors!) long pronounced that mothers should not breastfeed, should not feed infants on demand, should not do the things that most mothers urgently long to do. No, to be good mothers, they had to rein in their desires. It has turned out that the so-called experts were relying on unsubstantiated opinions, all now debunked. They had no facts, had done no research. Of course, a good critical thinker will be more likely to spot when facts are missing, when people are jumping to conclusions for no good reason. Logical thinking starts with thinking logically about the pool of facts and opinions. So, ingredient one: facts. This does not mean bowing down to experts. It does mean learning, checking, verifying, going further. The facts do not mean one has to give up hope, given a gloomy forecast: it is a fact that not all gloomy forecasts come true. Still, note that German Jews who
listened to Hitler's message of hate were more likely to find a way to leave Germany, than those who could not believe what they were hearing. Okay, assuming you have a good foundation of facts, and a clear assessment of the limitations of the data, what's next? HIGHLY NON-SECRET NGREDIENT TWO: HOW CAN YOU TELL IF SOMETHING IS BACKED BY LOGIC? SO, FOR THOSE WHO THINK EVERYONE IS WHERE DOES IT MAKE SENSE THAT EVERY BABY STARVING THAT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE. IT LACKS ALL LOGIC. Most people avoid logical thinking as if thinking skills were rotten slimy fish corpses washed up on a hot beach. "My opinion is as good as yours," they proclaim - and they're shocked when asked to back up this opinion. "What makes you say that?" I mildly query. "What do you mean?" they retort, as if I had blasphemed against the mightiest deity in the universe. For such people, good thinking, thinking skills, logical thinking - these count for nothing against the great god of Uncritical Acceptance of Rigidly Held Opinions. It's not that these people are unaware that critical thinking skills exist. It is as if these are to be used like weird foreign spices - as sparingly as possible, never at home, and definitely not every day - including not at school (where opinions, rather than thinking skills, are widely celebrated these days). Ordinary thinking means, for such people, not thinking. It means stating, rather than showing - for example it often means stating opinions in the mistaken belief (utterly in defiance of fact) that these are all as good as each other. Facts and opinions. For these people, it's generally a fact that their opinion is as good as anyone else's, that it's wrong to be judgmental, that we are all where are meant to be. Whatever the opinion, this is not to be questioned - just like the church viewed it as an unquestionable fact that the sun revolved around the earth. What is critical thinking? For them, it might mean thinking where they feel criticized, and no one should have the right to criticize them. But what is critical thinking, really? It's thinking that works for everyone - nice clear logical thinking, with thinking skills that are for everyone. It's not just their opinions which are only as good as the evidence for them - it's everyone's opinions. But what is critical thinking, really? Logic. Fish are animals. Dogs are animals. Dogs are fish. NO! So USE LOGIC, but be sure to go through step one - MORE 3 - ACKNOWLEDGING AND
ANOTHER TOP 5 - FACING FEARS -
STILL ANOTHER TOP 6 - RECOGNIZE THE BARRIERS, EVIDENCE OF HUMAN RESISTANCE TO EVIDENCE: MORE EVIDENCE OF IN CASE YOU STILL NEED EVIDENCE, THESE BARRIERS ARE REASONS WHY,
SO, USE LOGIC AND EVIDENCE - Elsa
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